Immediate Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Urgent Care Protocol for Physicians

The acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes for consultation in emergency services, and its immediate management is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and reducing mortality. ACS encompasses a spectrum of conditions including unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Rapid identification and appropriate treatment are essential to minimize myocardial damage and improve patient prognosis.
Urgent Care Management Protocol
The management of ACS in the urgent care setting begins with a thorough clinical evaluation that includes a medical history, physical examination, and performing a 12-lead ECG as soon as possible. The ECG is a fundamental diagnostic tool that allows for the identification of ischemic patterns requiring emergent management. Not all ischemic patterns present as classic STEMI, making it crucial for clinicians to recognize these variations to provide timely cardiovascular care [1].
The use of cardiac biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity troponin, is essential for confirming the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Recent guidelines recommend the use of rapid exclusion pathways that allow for the safe discharge of patients at low risk for myocardial infarction [2]. Additionally, initial treatment should include the administration of aspirin, unless contraindicated, and consideration of reperfusion therapies such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or fibrinolytic therapy in cases of STEMI [3].
It is important to highlight that gender disparities in the management of ACS can influence clinical outcomes. Women often experience delays in the time to initial medical contact and have lower rates of direct coronary intervention. Quality improvement programs have demonstrated the ability to reduce these disparities, enhancing access to care and outcomes for both sexes [4].
Conclusions
The immediate management of ACS in the urgent care setting requires a systematic, guideline-based approach to optimize patient outcomes. Rapid identification through ECG and biomarkers, along with the implementation of an appropriate management protocol, are fundamental to the success of treatment. Furthermore, addressing disparities in care is crucial to ensure that all patients receive equitable and effective treatment. Continuous education and adherence to clinical guidelines are essential for improving urgent care for ACS.
References
- [1] The Ischemic Electrocardiogram
- [2] Initial Evaluation and Management of Patients Presenting with Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Department
- [3] Acute Coronary Syndrome: Emergency Department Evaluation and Management
- [4] Sex Disparities in Management and Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Created 13/1/2025