Updated Sepsis Protocols: Early Recognition, Rapid Diagnosis, and Effective Treatment with Antibiotics and Fluid Management

Sepsis is a critical medical condition resulting from an unregulated host response to infection, leading to potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction. Over the years, current protocols have significantly evolved to enhance rapid diagnosis and effective treatment of this condition. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial to reducing the high mortality associated with sepsis and septic shock.

Early Recognition and Effective Treatment

Early recognition of sepsis is fundamental to preventing its progression to septic shock, which is associated with a dramatic increase in mortality. International guidelines, such as those from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, have been instrumental in developing and updating protocols for sepsis management. These guidelines emphasize the importance of administering broad-spectrum antibiotics within the first hour of recognizing septic shock and severe sepsis without shock.

The use of blood cultures before initiating antibiotic therapy is crucial for identifying the causative pathogen and appropriately adjusting treatment. Additionally, source control of the infection should be performed within the first 12 hours of diagnosis to improve patient outcomes.

Regarding fluid management, initial resuscitation with crystalloids is recommended, and the addition of albumin should be considered in patients who continue to require large amounts of crystalloids to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure. The use of vasopressors, such as norepinephrine, is essential for maintaining blood pressure at safe levels.

The implementation of performance improvement programs in sepsis care, such as "Sepsis Code" programs, has proven effective in enhancing care processes and clinical outcomes. These programs are designed to achieve faster and more effective recognition and treatment of sepsis in hospitals.

Conclusions

Sepsis remains a significant challenge in global healthcare, but advances in rapid diagnosis and current protocols have significantly improved patient outcomes. Adopting a systematic, evidence-based approach that includes early administration of antibiotics, appropriate use of blood cultures, and effective fluid management is essential for the successful treatment of sepsis. Continuous education and the development of performance improvement programs are fundamental to optimizing the care of patients with sepsis.

Referencias

• [1] Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012
• [2] Early Recognition and Emergency Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children
• [3] Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: What Have We Learned in the Last Two Decades?
• [4] Sepsis 2018: Definitions and Guideline Changes
• [5] Sepsis assessment and management in critically Ill adults: A systematic review

Created 13/1/2025