Osteosarcoma: Prognosis, Life Expectancy, and Survival Factors in Orthopedic-Oncological Management

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, characterized by its high aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Despite advancements in treatment, the five-year survival rate has not shown significant improvements in recent decades. This article explores the factors influencing osteosarcoma prognosis and current orthopedic-oncological management strategies aimed at improving bone tumor life expectancy and overall bone sarcoma survival.

Prognostic Factors and Treatment Advances

The prognosis of osteosarcoma is influenced by multiple factors, including tumor location, size, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, and response to treatment. Recent studies have identified the importance of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration in the progression of osteosarcoma. For instance, high infiltration of resting dendritic cells has been associated with a poor prognosis [1].

Additionally, the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis has also been linked to bone sarcoma survival [2]. These findings suggest that modulation of the immune microenvironment and regulation of specific molecular pathways could offer new therapeutic opportunities.

Regarding treatment strategies, the combination of surgery and chemotherapy remains the standard. However, research into targeted therapies and immune modulators is ongoing, aiming to overcome the plateau in treatment efficacy observed since the 1980s [3].

Conclusions

The management of osteosarcoma continues to be a challenge due to its aggressive nature and the complexity of its tumor microenvironment. The identification of new prognostic biomarkers and the development of targeted therapies offer renewed hope for improving bone tumor life expectancy. Integrating these advancements into clinical practice could transform the landscape of osteosarcoma treatment, providing patients with better quality of life and higher survival rates.

Referencias

• [1] A novel immune cell signature for predicting osteosarcoma prognosis and guiding therapy.
• [2] Construction of an ER stress-related prognostic signature for predicting prognosis and screening the effective anti-tumor drug in osteosarcoma.
• [3] Update on Osteosarcoma.

Created 14/1/2025