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Inhaled Budesonide: Side Effects, Oral Candidiasis Risks, and Tips for Asthma Control

Middle-aged Hispanic woman sitting in a well-lit living room, holding an inhaler, symbolizing the importance of proper use of inhaled corticosteroids like budesonide for effective asthma control and prevention of oral candidiasis and dysphonia.

Budesonide is a widely used inhaled corticosteroid in the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma. Its effectiveness in reducing airway inflammation and controlling asthma symptoms is well documented. However, as with any treatment, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and take measures to minimize them, particularly concerning oral candidiasis and dysphonia.

Side Effects of Inhaled Budesonide

The use of inhaled budesonide may be associated with local side effects, with oral candidiasis being one of the most common. This fungal infection occurs due to the deposition of the medication on the oropharyngeal mucosa, which can disrupt the normal microbial balance and promote the growth of Candida [1]. Additionally, dysphonia or voice alteration is another reported side effect that can be bothersome for patients.

A study evaluated Candida colonization in asthmatic patients using inhaled steroids, finding that while the risk of esophageal candidiasis is low, oropharyngeal colonization is more common [2]. Therefore, it is crucial to implement strategies to reduce these risks.

Recommendations to Prevent Oral Infections

To minimize the risk of oral candidiasis and other side effects, it is recommended to perform an immediate mouth rinse after inhaling budesonide. A study demonstrated that immediate mouth rinsing is more effective in removing drug residues from the oropharyngeal mucosa than waiting several minutes before rinsing [3].

Furthermore, it is important to educate patients on the proper inhalation technique and the use of spacer devices, which can help reduce the deposition of the medication in the mouth and throat, thereby decreasing the risk of local side effects [4].

Conclusions

Inhaled budesonide is a valuable tool in asthma control, but it is essential to be vigilant about potential side effects such as oral candidiasis and dysphonia. By implementing simple preventive measures, such as immediate mouth rinsing and the use of spacers, we can maximize the benefits of treatment while minimizing risks. Patient education and regular follow-up are essential to ensure effective and safe asthma management.

References


Created 6/1/2025