Acute Bronchitis vs. Whooping Cough: Diagnostic Tips for Managing Persistent Cough and Laboratory Tests
The persistent cough is a common symptom that drives many patients to seek medical attention. In the pediatric context, differentiating between acute bronchitis and whooping cough is crucial for appropriate management. Both conditions can present similar symptoms but require distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Diving into Differential Diagnosis
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi typically caused by viral infections, although it can also be triggered by bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis. A case study highlights how an infection with B. pertussis can complicate with M. pneumoniae, prolonging symptoms and complicating diagnosis (see study). In these cases, laboratory tests are essential to identify the responsible pathogen and guide appropriate antibiotic management.
On the other hand, whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is known for its characteristic paroxysmal cough. Although vaccination has reduced its incidence, it remains a significant cause of persistent cough in unvaccinated children or those with diminished immunity. A systematic review reveals that whooping cough can account for up to 37.2% of chronic cough cases in children (see analysis).
Conclusions
The differential diagnosis between acute bronchitis and whooping cough requires careful evaluation of the clinical history, symptoms, and, when necessary, the use of laboratory tests. Accurate identification of the causal agent is fundamental for effective antibiotic management, especially in cases of co-infection. Staying updated with medical literature and clinical guidelines is essential to provide the best care for our patients.
Referencias
- [1] Coughing children in family practice and primary care: a systematic review of prevalence, aetiology and prognosis.
- [2] Acute Bronchitis Caused by Bordetella Pertussis Possibly Co-Infected with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
Created 6/1/2025