Vulvar Cancer: Prognosis, Survival Rates, and Key Factors for Management

Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecological neoplasm but holds significant clinical relevance due to its impact on patients' quality of life. Despite its low incidence, the diagnosis and treatment present considerable challenges. In this article, we will explore the vulvar cancer prognosis, the associated life expectancy, and the crucial vulvar prognostic factors for effective management.

Diving Deeper into Vulvar Cancer

The prognosis of vulvar cancer is influenced by several factors, notably tumor size, lymph node status, and the cancer stage according to the FIGO classification. A recent study in Germany highlighted that the five-year survival rates vary significantly by cancer stage, ranging from 91.9% for FIGO stage I to 21.3% for stage IVB [1].

The survival of gynecological tumors such as vulvar cancer is also conditioned by the presence of metastasis in lymph nodes. The nodal evaluation is crucial, as a negative sentinel node is associated with a low recurrence rate in the groin and a high disease-specific survival rate [2]. Furthermore, the use of adjuvant radiotherapy has been shown to improve survival in patients with positive margins or affected lymph nodes [3].

The most common histological type of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 95% of cases. The clinical presentation typically includes persistent itching, vulvar bleeding, and pain [4]. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential for improving prognosis.

Conclusions

Management of vulvar cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers key vulvar prognostic factors, such as lymph node status and tumor size. The life expectancy of patients can significantly improve with early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Ongoing research and advancements in adjuvant therapies, such as chemoradiotherapy, are fundamental to optimizing clinical outcomes and enhancing gynecological tumor survival.

Referencias

• [1] Influence of stage and age on survival of patients with vulvar cancer in Germany: a retrospective study.
• [2] Postoperative management of vulvar cancer.
• [3] Adjuvant treatment in cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer.
• [4] Vulvar cancer: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options.

Created 13/1/2025