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Vulvar Cancer: Recognizing Persistent Itching and the Importance of Vulvar Biopsy in HPV Evaluation

Medical consultation with a Hispanic doctor explaining vulvar cancer to a patient. The patient holds a brochure titled 'Vulvar Cancer.' On the table, there are anatomical models of the female reproductive system and a computer displaying a diagram of the vulva. The setting is professional and educational, highlighting the importance of recognizing persistent itching and vulvar lesions, and the role of vulvar biopsy in diagnosis, as well as the connection to HPV.

The vulvar cancer is a rare gynecological neoplasm that accounts for 3% to 5% of cancers in the female genital tract. Despite its low incidence, early diagnosis is crucial due to its significant impact on the health and sexuality of patients. Recognizing persistent itching as a symptom is fundamental for the early detection of this disease. Additionally, the vulvar biopsy plays an essential role in confirming the diagnosis, allowing for timely and appropriate intervention.

Identifying Symptoms and the Value of Biopsy

The most common and enduring symptom of vulvar cancer is persistent itching, often accompanied by pain, ulcerations, or the presence of a palpable mass. These symptoms may indicate vulvar lesions that require further evaluation. Biopsy, whether by puncture or incision, is the preferred diagnostic procedure to confirm the presence of vulvar cancer. This procedure is crucial as it allows for the histological evaluation of suspicious lesions, differentiating between benign and malignant conditions [1].

Vulvar cancer is classified into two main types: one associated with HPV infection and another independent of this virus. The biopsy not only confirms the diagnosis but also helps determine the histological type, which is essential for planning appropriate treatment [2]. The importance of the biopsy is reinforced by its ability to guide surgical management, especially in identifying the need for additional procedures such as sentinel lymph node biopsy [3].

Conclusions

Early diagnosis of vulvar cancer is essential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce morbidity associated with more invasive treatments. Recognizing persistent itching and evaluating vulvar lesions through vulvar biopsy are critical steps in the diagnostic process. The biopsy not only confirms the presence of malignancy but also provides valuable information for therapeutic management, allowing for a more conservative and less invasive approach when possible [4]. Integrating these practices into clinical care can significantly enhance the quality of life for affected patients.

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Created 13/1/2025