Somatic Symptom Disorder vs. Fibromyalgia: A Comprehensive Psychosomatic Evaluation of Chronic Pain and Comorbidities

The somatic symptom disorder and fibromyalgia are two clinical entities that, while sharing characteristics, present significant differences in their diagnosis and management. Both conditions are characterized by the presence of chronic pain and other physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by an underlying medical disease. However, understanding their differences is crucial for an appropriate psychosomatic evaluation and effective treatment.

Diving Deeper into the Topic

Fibromyalgia is recognized as a chronic pain syndrome that primarily affects women and is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. According to a study, the new diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia, as proposed by the American College of Rheumatology in 2010, have improved the identification of this condition by incorporating both peripheral pain and somatic symptoms [1].

On the other hand, somatic symptom disorder refers to a condition in which patients experience significant physical symptoms that cause distress or problems in daily functioning, without a clear medical explanation. A retrospective study observed that patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms are predominantly middle-aged women, highlighting the importance of considering psychosocial factors in their management [2].

Research suggests that both fibromyalgia and somatic symptom disorder may be influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. A systematic analysis emphasizes the need for more comprehensive biopsychosocial models to guide the research and treatment of these disorders [3].

Conclusions

Differentiating between somatic symptom disorder and fibromyalgia is essential for effective clinical management. While fibromyalgia focuses more on musculoskeletal pain and somatic symptoms, somatic symptom disorder encompasses a broader range of unexplained physical symptoms. Understanding the associated comorbidities and psychosocial factors related to these conditions can significantly improve patients' quality of life. Future research should continue to explore comprehensive approaches that consider both the physical and psychological aspects of these complex conditions.

Referencias

• [1] New diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia: Here to stay?
• [2] Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A 9-Year Retrospective Observational Study
• [3] Aetiological Understanding of Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Classificatory Analogues: A Systematic Umbrella Review

Created 6/1/2025