Pancreatic Cancer: Initial Findings, Tumor Markers, and the Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Diagnosis

A Hispanic physician in his 40s, wearing a white coat and stethoscope, carefully examines a medical file in a modern office. On the desk, there are medical books and a computer displaying a 3D model of the pancreas, highlighting areas affected by pancreatic cancer. In the background, a diagram of the human digestive system with the pancreas labeled is visible. The scene reflects a medical research environment focused on pancreatic cancer, nonspecific abdominal pain, jaundice, CA 19-9, and endoscopic ultrasound.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest neoplasms, characterized by its late diagnosis and aggressive progression. Patients often present with nonspecific symptoms such as nonspecific abdominal pain and jaundice, complicating early detection. Identifying specific tumor markers and advanced diagnostic methods is crucial for improving the prognosis of this disease.

Initial Findings in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer remains a significant challenge. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting curative treatment options. The use of techniques such as endoscopic ultrasound has improved the ability to detect pancreatic lesions at early stages, but its widespread application still faces barriers due to cost and limited availability [30721664].

Research in liquid biopsies and the analysis of microRNAs has shown potential for early detection of pancreatic cancer. These non-invasive methods offer a promising alternative to traditional biopsies, allowing for a more accurate assessment of the tumor's molecular status [37803304].

Value of Tumor Markers

The most commonly used tumor marker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is CA 19-9. However, its specificity and sensitivity are limited, especially in the early stages of the disease. Recent studies have explored the combination of CA 19-9 with other markers, such as circRNAs and cfDNA methylation, to improve diagnostic accuracy [37839499].

Additionally, artificial intelligence is emerging as a powerful tool for medical image analysis and identifying high-risk groups, which could revolutionize the early detection of pancreatic cancer [36276650].

Conclusions

Advancements in the early detection of pancreatic cancer depend on the integration of new technologies and biomarkers into clinical practice. While CA 19-9 remains a key component in diagnosis, combining it with other markers and utilizing advanced techniques such as endoscopic ultrasound and artificial intelligence promise to significantly improve patient outcomes. Ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to overcome current challenges and enhance survival in this devastating disease.

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Created 13/1/2025