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Mumps Treatment: Symptomatic Management, Supportive Measures, and Prevention with MMR Vaccine

An 8-year-old Hispanic boy with a slightly swollen face sitting on an examination table in a pediatrician's office, being examined by a Hispanic female doctor in a white coat. The image illustrates a professional and welcoming environment, emphasizing medical care in mumps treatment, including analgesia and supportive measures, while highlighting the importance of the MMR vaccine and quarantine.

Mumps, also known as parotitis, is a viral disease that primarily affects the salivary glands, especially the parotids. Although the incidence of this disease has significantly decreased due to the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella), it remains relevant in clinical practice, particularly in areas with low vaccination coverage.

Symptomatic Management of Mumps

The treatment of mumps is primarily symptomatic, as there is no specific antiviral treatment available. Supportive measures are essential to alleviate symptoms and improve patient well-being. Analgesia is crucial for managing the pain associated with the inflammation of the parotid glands. The use of analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen is recommended to control pain and fever.

Additionally, it is important to encourage rest and adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration. In some cases, the use of cold compresses may help reduce inflammation and local pain. Quarantine is an essential preventive measure to avoid the spread of the virus, especially in school or community settings.

Prevention of Mumps

The prevention of mumps is based on vaccination. The MMR vaccine is highly effective and is recommended to be administered in two doses, the first between 12 and 15 months of age and the second between 4 and 6 years. In countries with high mumps transmission, the World Health Organization recommends the first dose at 9 months and the second between 15 and 18 months.

Vaccination not only protects the individual but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the incidence of outbreaks. It is crucial to maintain high vaccination rates to prevent the reemergence of this disease.

Conclusions

The management of mumps focuses on symptom relief and preventing transmission. Analgesia and supportive measures are essential for treatment, while vaccination remains the most effective strategy for prevention. Education on the importance of the MMR vaccine and the implementation of quarantine in confirmed cases are key measures to control this disease.

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Created 6/1/2025