Multiple Myeloma: Prognosis and Life Expectancy Based on Clinical Prognostic Factors

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This hematological disorder presents a wide variability in terms of prognosis and life expectancy, making it essential to accurately assess the clinical prognostic factors that influence its evolution. In this article, we will explore the key elements that determine the survival of patients with multiple myeloma, based on the latest scientific literature.

Clinical Factors and Their Impact on Prognosis

The prognosis of multiple myeloma has significantly improved in recent decades due to the introduction of new pharmacological treatments such as bortezomib, lenalidomide, and the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. These advances have extended the life expectancy of patients, which can now reach a median of 7-8 years, compared to 2-3 years in the 1950s [1].

Renal insufficiency is an important prognostic factor in multiple myeloma, as it significantly affects the quality of life and survival of patients. Recovery of renal function, especially in those requiring hemodialysis, is associated with a better treatment response and increased survival [2].

The use of highly sensitive techniques to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) has allowed for better monitoring of treatment response. MRD negativity is associated with a more favorable prognosis and can guide treatment intensity [3].

Furthermore, the stage of multiple myeloma at diagnosis remains a crucial factor for predicting survival. However, the utility of traditional staging systems is limited, as they do not always accurately reflect the biology of the disease or effectively guide treatment planning [4].

Conclusions

The evaluation of prognosis in multiple myeloma is a complex process that requires consideration of multiple clinical factors. Continuous improvement in treatment options and the introduction of new diagnostic tools have allowed for a better understanding of the disease and greater life expectancy for patients. However, it is essential to continue researching to optimize therapeutic strategies and personalize treatment according to the individual characteristics of each patient.

Referencias

• [1] Molecular mechanisms of effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma.
• [2] Factors associated with recovery of renal function in patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with hemodialysis.
• [3] Clinical Applications and Future Directions of Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Multiple Myeloma.
• [4] The role of staging in multiple myeloma.

Created 14/1/2025