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Gastric Cancer Diagnosis: Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Biopsy, and Borrmann Classification for Adenocarcinoma Detection

A Hispanic physician in his 40s, wearing a white coat and stethoscope, explains a procedure to a Hispanic female patient in her 50s using a model of the human stomach. In the background, an endoscopy machine displays a clear image of the stomach lining on the monitor. The scene reflects a professional and caring environment, emphasizing the importance of doctor-patient communication in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, including adenocarcinoma and the use of tumor markers, as well as the relevance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Borrmann classification.

The diagnosis of gastric cancer is a complex process that requires a combination of advanced techniques to ensure accurate and timely detection. Adenocarcinoma, the most common form of stomach cancer, is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of specific symptoms in the early phases. Therefore, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy are fundamental tools in identifying and characterizing this disease.

Diving Deeper into Diagnosis

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the method of choice for direct visualization of the gastric lining. This procedure allows not only the observation of suspicious lesions but also the collection of samples for biopsy. The classification of lesions according to the Borrmann classification is crucial for determining the type and extent of the tumor. This classification divides tumors into four main types, providing valuable information about prognosis and treatment planning.

Endoscopic biopsy is essential for confirming the histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the analysis of tumor markers can provide further information regarding the aggressiveness of the tumor and its potential response to treatment. The combination of these methods allows for accurate staging, which is vital for selecting the appropriate therapy and assessing prognosis.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of gastric cancer is a multidimensional process that requires the integration of endoscopic, histological, and molecular techniques. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy are fundamental pillars in this process, enabling early detection and precise characterization of adenocarcinoma. Accurate staging of gastric cancer, supported by the Borrmann classification and the analysis of tumor markers, is essential for guiding treatment and improving clinical outcomes.

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Created 6/1/2025